Mar 3, 2024
The concepts of assent and consent are crucial in ethical decision-making across various contexts, standing as fundamental principles to ensure respect and autonomy. Despite their importance, the subtle differences between these terms are often overlooked, leading to misunderstandings.
Understanding the disparities between assent and consent is vital in bodily autonomy and medical procedures, where clarity and comprehension are essential. In this article, we will explore the significant difference between assent and consent, shedding light on their implications and applications in ethical dilemmas.
With a focus on anti-circumcision, the discussion will examine how these concepts intersect with medical ethics and individual rights issues.
The Difference Between Assent and Consent
Consent
Consent is a foundational principle deeply entrenched in law and ethics, requiring that any agreement be informed, voluntary, and originate from an individual considered competent to provide it. In legal terms, this pivotal concept signifies a person’s unequivocal endorsement of an action or proposal based on a comprehensive understanding of all relevant facts and potential outcomes.
Assent
Assent, closely linked to consent, typically involves an agreement provided by individuals who cannot provide legal consent due to age or mental capacity. This type of agreement is commonly sought in various scenarios involving minors, particularly in research or medical interventions, showcasing respect for their evolving autonomy. It plays a crucial role in ensuring decisions made on behalf of minors consider their perspectives and best interests, aligning with ethical principles of autonomy and beneficence.
The Legal Landscape
The legal frameworks related to consent and assent exhibit significant variations across diverse domains like medical care, research participation, and educational interventions. These discrepancies underscore the intricate balance between legal mandates, ethical considerations, and individual rights. Establishing clear guidelines is vital to ensuring ethical compliance and upholding the autonomy and dignity of individuals in these varied settings.
Ethical Considerations
Ethically, it’s critical to differentiate between assent and consent to uphold individual rights and autonomy. This highlights the importance of informed decision-making, particularly when consent capacity may be compromised. It stresses the need for a nuanced approach that balances personal autonomy, ethical principles, and societal expectations.
Consent and Assent in Medical Procedures
In medical settings, it’s crucial to obtain consent or assent before proceeding with treatment. Healthcare providers must explain procedures, risks, benefits, and alternatives to patients or guardians, especially with minors. This ensures voluntary, informed decisions, promoting patient-centered healthcare.
Anti-Circumcision Perspective on Consent
Background on Circumcision
Circumcision, a surgical procedure involving foreskin removal from male genitalia, has a long history spanning millennia. Motivated by medical, religious, and cultural factors, this practice sparks debates on ethical considerations like consent and assent. The controversy has spurred discussions on its historical origins and modern-day implications, with intactivist groups like ours and many others drawing special attention to the fact that circumcision is medically unnecessary and a human rights violation.
“Many people believe that parents should be free to make any decision for their children whatsoever. However, there ARE limits to parental decision-making, and many of these are inscribed in law.
For example:
- It is illegal to tattoo a child, whether the child’s parent approves or not.
- Parents cannot force their minor children to go to work instead of going to school.
- Parents cannot consent to a neighbor having sexual relations with their minor sons or daughters.
In medicine, parental consent is valid only for the treatment of conditions that threaten the life or health of the child.”
— Intact America
The Debate on Consent and Assent in Circumcision
The argument against infant circumcision highlights the ethical concerns surrounding the procedure, emphasizing the importance of bodily autonomy and informed decision-making. This surgical practice involves removing the foreskin from a male infant’s penis and has sparked debates due to cultural, religious, and medical factors.
Voices from the Anti-Circumcision Movement
Numerous organizations and individuals advocate against non-consensual circumcision, emphasizing the need for alternative cultural practices that respect individual autonomy and keep boys and men intact. Their arguments hinge on the belief that such irreversible decisions should be left until the individual can fully consent.
The Importance of Dialogue and Education
Promoting public discourse and education on consent and assent empowers individuals and communities with knowledge. We aim to foster a culture that values personal autonomy, informed decision-making, and respect for individual choices. This approach nurtures a society where every voice is heard and honored, contributing to a more inclusive and understanding community.
Recognizing the difference between assent and consent goes beyond a mere academic exercise; it is a cornerstone in honoring individual rights and autonomy. Amid ongoing societal debates on issues like circumcision, the imperative for continual education and ethical reflection grows increasingly evident. Engaging in informed discussions and championing the rights of the most vulnerable is a moral obligation. Assent pertains to agreement from individuals who may lack total consent capacity, like minors or those with cognitive impairments. This distinction underscores the significance of upholding ethical norms and protecting the autonomy of all individuals, especially in contexts involving vulnerable communities. By nurturing a culture that values informed decision-making and prioritizes respect for individual agency, we can help shape a fairer and more compassionate society.
People Also Ask These Questions About Assent vs Consent
What Is the Key Difference Between Assent and Consent?
The key difference lies in the level of understanding and agreement. Consent is a fully informed, voluntary agreement given by someone capable of making that decision, typically an adult. Conversely, assent is an agreement from someone unable to give legal consent, often a minor, indicating a general agreement or willingness to participate.
Why Is Understanding Assent vs Consent Important in Medical Procedures?
Understanding these terms is crucial in medical settings to ensure ethical standards are met and patients’ rights are respected. Consent is required for most medical procedures, indicating that the patient fully understands and agrees to the treatment. Assent is sought in addition to consent from a parent or guardian when treating minors, ensuring the child’s willingness to proceed with the treatment.
Can Minors Give Consent for Medical Treatments?
Generally, minors cannot give consent for medical treatments due to age limitations on legal decision-making capacity. Instead, they may provide assent while a parent or guardian gives formal consent. However, there are exceptions based on the minor’s maturity level, the seriousness of the condition, and emancipation statutes in some jurisdictions.
How Do Laws Differ Regarding Assent and Consent Across Countries?
Laws regarding assent and consent vary significantly across countries, especially concerning age limits for consent and recognizing assent in medical or research contexts. Some countries have specific guidelines for obtaining assent from minors in addition to parental consent, emphasizing the importance of respecting the minor’s developing autonomy.
What Role Does Assent Play in Research Involving Children?
In research involving children, assent is necessary for respecting the child’s developing autonomy and willingness to participate. Ethical guidelines require researchers to obtain assent from children who are capable of expressing their willingness and obtaining consent from their parents or guardians.
How Are Assent and Consent Addressed in Online Privacy Laws?
Online privacy laws, such as the GDPR in the European Union, often require clear and affirmative consent for the processing of personal data. For minors, these laws typically mandate obtaining consent from a parent or guardian, though the age at which a minor can give their own consent varies. The concept of assent does not explicitly apply in this context but reflects the broader principle of protecting individuals’ rights and autonomy online.
Feb 19, 2024
Circumcision, the surgical procedure involving the removal of the foreskin covering the tip of the penis, has deep historical roots spanning millennia. It is intertwined with cultural, religious, and medical practices worldwide. Conversely, the decision to remain intact, preserving the foreskin, presents a range of benefits and considerations that are often overshadowed by the prevalence of circumcision and the spread of misinformation by the medical establishment. This article will explain the advantages and critical aspects of being intact, fostering a platform for informed decision-making and comprehensive understanding.
Must-know Information About The Intact Penis
1) Exploring the Intact Penis in Depth
Understanding the anatomy of the intact penis reveals the importance of the foreskin. This natural covering offers lubrication and is crucial in maintaining sensitivity and protecting against external irritants and infections. The foreskin’s presence significantly contributes to sexual sensitivity due to the dense concentration of nerve endings within its structure.
The foreskin on an intact penis plays several roles:
- It serves as a protective sheath for the glans, shielding it from irritation and contaminants.
- Provides erogenous nerve endings that contribute to sexual pleasure.
- Offers natural lubrication and facilitates the gliding motion during sexual activities.
- Helps maintain the moisture of the glans, keeping it sensitive and protected.
- In infants, it’s fused to the glans, protecting it from direct exposure to urine and feces.
2) Tracing the Historical and Cultural Significance
The practice of circumcision is deeply embedded in cultural and religious contexts, with various communities viewing it as a symbolic rite, a religious mandate, or a hygiene practice. However, evolving perspectives within the medical field have sparked debates regarding the purported health advantages of circumcision (which have been disproven upon further research) versus the ethical consideration of bodily autonomy. These debates underscore the importance of recognizing and respecting cultural beliefs and narratives that shape perceptions surrounding circumcision and the identity associated with being intact. By exploring the historical and cultural significance in greater detail, we gain a deeper understanding of the multifaceted layers that contribute to the ongoing discourse surrounding male circumcision practices worldwide.
Ancient Egyptians were among the earliest known practitioners of circumcision, possibly for reasons related to hygiene, religious beliefs, or social identity. This tradition persists today in diverse cultures and religions, such as Judaism and Islam, each with unique historical and cultural importance.
In addition, the impact of circumcision on sexual function and pleasure has been a topic of interest in recent studies. Research shows that the presence of the foreskin enhances sexual experiences for males due to the unique sensations it provides during intimacy. This aspect adds another dimension to the conversation surrounding circumcision and underscores the need for a comprehensive examination of the factors influencing individual choices regarding genital modifications.
3) Medical Perspectives on Circumcision
The American Academy of Pediatrics states that it is not medically necessary to circumcise.
When considering circumcision, proponents often highlight the supposed medical benefits, such as the reduced risks of urinary tract infections, penile cancer, and certain sexually transmitted infections. These reported advantages are statistically insignificant, with the proven disadvantages, dangers, and traumas caused by circumcision easily outweighing them. Critics of circumcision and fellow intactivists demand the necessity for more conclusive evidence to support the routine practice of circumcision. Concerns are raised regarding the risks and long-term effects, such as diminished sensitivity and the psychological impact on individuals undergoing the procedure.
Click here to learn more about how circumcision injuries are underreported.
Noteworthy health organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization advocate for a balanced approach, encouraging individuals to thoroughly evaluate the benefits against the risks and cultural considerations before opting for circumcision.
The medical establishment’s promotion of circumcision has been influenced by various factors over the years, including historical medical theories, cultural practices, and financial incentives. Some critics argue that the perpetuation of circumcision by healthcare providers may not always be driven by clear medical necessity but rather by tradition, societal norms, or potential revenue.
4) Benefits of Being Intact
In contrast to circumcision, maintaining natural sensitivity by remaining intact offers real, unique, proven advantages. Intact individuals avoid potential risks associated with circumcision, like the risk of infection and complications during the healing process. Furthermore, choosing not to undergo circumcision respects the principle of bodily autonomy, empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their own bodies. In addressing misconceptions surrounding hygiene and sexual performance in intact individuals, it is crucial to emphasize that proper hygiene practices can effectively address any concerns that may arise.
Benefits of being intact include:
- Natural protection of the glans, maintaining its sensitivity.
- Presence of erogenous tissue contributing to sexual pleasure.
- Natural lubrication during sexual activity.
- Avoidance of potential surgical risks and complications.
- Preservation of the foreskin’s immunological functions.
Click here to learn more about how to keep your son intact.
5) Caring for an Intact Penis
While hygiene is paramount for overall health, ensuring proper care for an intact penis is of utmost importance. Regular and gentle cleansing beneath the foreskin is essential to prevent the buildup of smegma, a natural secretion that, when neglected, can result in irritation and discomfort. Educating parents and individuals about the significance of gentle retraction and thorough cleaning techniques is critical to promoting optimal health outcomes and reducing the risks associated with inadequate hygiene practices. By raising awareness and fostering understanding of these care practices, individuals can effectively uphold good genital hygiene, improving their overall well-being and quality of life.
Caring for an intact penis involves simple steps that ensure cleanliness and avoid potential issues:
- Wash gently with water, avoiding forceful retraction of the foreskin.
- Clean the visible parts without using harsh soaps inside the foreskin.
- Allow the foreskin to retract naturally over time, without forcing it.
- After natural retraction, rinse under the foreskin during regular bathing.
- Dry the penis gently after washing to prevent moisture buildup.
6) Ethical and Human Rights Considerations
The decision to perform circumcision for non-medical motives is an ethical and human rights violation concerning the child’s entitlement to bodily integrity and self-governance.
Male circumcision, particularly when performed on non-consenting infants, arguing that it may infringe upon an individual’s right to bodily integrity and autonomy.
Across various societies, circumcision holds a deep-rooted cultural significance and historical context. However, opponents and intactivist organizations much like our own, stress the importance of upholding personal autonomy and bodily integrity. These deliberations advocate for delaying irreversible choices until the individual can actively engage in the decision-making process, thereby nurturing a culture of respecting personal autonomy and prioritizing well-informed consent.
The decision between opting for circumcision or remaining intact is a life-altering one, influenced by an array of factors such as cultural traditions, societal conditioning, religious pressures, and medical misinformation. Our hope is that you fully comprehend the impact of the physiological, psychological, and ethical aspects associated with the decision to circumcise or protect the intact penis. By promoting transparent discussions and facilitating informed decision-making, individuals and parents can navigate this intricate subject matter while upholding principles of health, personal well-being, and autonomy. For those seeking additional insights and support, a plethora of resources are accessible through health institutions and advocacy organizations devoted to furnishing comprehensive details on this specific topic.
Click here to learn more about intactivism.
At Intact America, we emphasize that there’s no medical justification for routine circumcision. Circumcision permanently changes a boy’s genitals, removing protective tissue, and exposing him to risks without meaningful benefits. Care for an intact penis is straightforward, requiring no special treatment. It’s important for parents to consider these points, as circumcision is irreversible and often life-altering. For more detailed information, read further on our website and consider joining the intactivist movement.
People Also Ask These Questions About The Intact Penis
Is circumcision necessary for hygiene?
No, proper hygiene for an intact penis is simple and does not require circumcision. Gentle washing is more than sufficient.
Does circumcision prevent diseases?
Claims that circumcision prevents diseases are often overstated. While it is true that circumcision has been associated with a reduced risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), the severity of the risks, dangers, and long-term traumas far outweigh the statistically insignificant (purported) benefits. UTIs and STDs can still occur in individuals regardless of their circumcision status. It’s important to consider all aspects and consult healthcare professionals for comprehensive advice on sexual health.
Is caring for an intact penis difficult?
No, it requires no special care beyond normal hygiene practices. It is important to emphasize not forcibly retracting the foreskin in young boys, as this can cause injury and lead to issues in the future. Gentle cleaning with water is usually sufficient to maintain good hygiene.
Does circumcision offer any medical benefits?
The purported medical benefits of circumcision have been a topic of debate within the medical community. The discussion concerns whether these claimed benefits genuinely outweigh the risks and loss of protective and erogenous tissue. Numerous studies and opinions contribute to this ongoing dialogue, highlighting the complexity of the issue and the importance of informed decision-making in matters related to circumcision.
Can circumcision impact sexual pleasure?
Yes, the foreskin is a highly sensitive part of the male anatomy and contains numerous nerve endings that play a crucial role in sexual pleasure. These nerve endings, which are rich in sensory receptors, contribute significantly to the overall experience of intimacy and pleasure during sexual activities. During circumcision, the removal of the foreskin results in the loss of these nerve endings, potentially impacting sexual sensations and experiences for individuals later in life.
Feb 17, 2024
Take a moment to imagine the gentle flutter of eyelids in the soft, warm morning light as the sunlight filters through. Picture the tender press of soft lips in a loving kiss, a moment filled with warmth and affection.
Visualize the skillful dance of nimble fingertips on a keyboard, effortlessly gliding across the keys, creating a symphony of words and ideas.
Now, consider the natural function of the intact penis, a marvel of nature’s design, with its intricate network of blood vessels and sensitive nerve endings, providing pleasure and serving an essential role in reproduction. These body parts, seemingly distinct in purpose, are interconnected through fascinating physiological characteristics of sensitivity, protection, and intricate structural complexity.
In this article, you will discover:
- The remarkable sensitivity shared by these body parts and their importance.
- How they play a protective role in human physiology.
- The unique structural adaptations that enhance their functions.
Let us explore the shared attributes of these body parts and uncover the significance behind their similarities.
1) Exquisite Sensitivity: A Symphony of Nerve Endings
One of the major similarities among these body parts is their concentration of nerve endings, giving them an extraordinary sensitivity to touch. This sensitivity is critically essential. For instance, the fingertips, with their abundance of nerve endings, enable us to manipulate objects and discern textures with finesse, facilitating skills ranging from typing to tactile recognition.
Moreover, the lips and foreskin, exquisitely sensitive, contribute to an array of intimate sensations, heightening sexual pleasure and forging deeper emotional bonds. Meanwhile, the vigilant reflexes of the eyelids protect our eyes, reacting swiftly to the faintest hint of potential harm, ensuring their safety and well-being.
The eyelids, lips, fingertips, and intact penis are all covered in Meissner’s corpuscles, which are specialized nerve endings that serve as the gatekeepers of touch, allowing us to discern the gentlest caress or the slightest variation in texture. These microscopic sensors heighten the sensitivity of the fingertips, lips, and other touch-sensitive regions while enriching our tactile interaction with the world.
“The ridged band on the male foreskin (removed during circumcision) contains thousands of Meissner’s corpuscules, special light-touch nerve endings, located in glabrous (hairless) skin in other areas of the body, including the eyelids, lips, fingertips, and palm of the hand. During sex or masturbation, these nerve endings give a man feedback about where he is in the ejaculatory process. The frenulum (“little bridle”), the structure on the underside of the penis that keeps the foreskin in place (much as the frenulum under your tongue keeps it from flopping around inside your mouth) also contains Meissner’s corpuscules.”
— Georganne Chapin, Founding Executive Director of Intact America and author of “This Penis Business”
2) Guardians of the Body: A Protective Role
Beyond their sensitivity, each delicate area fulfills a vital protective function. The eyelids function as stalwart shields for our precious eyes, shielding them from harmful debris and excessive light that could cause damage. As guardians of the gateway to our digestive system, the lips possess temperature and texture sensitivity, preventing harm before it can breach our bodies.
Fingertips, despite their sensitivity, possess a resilient layer of skin that shields us from physical injury, allowing us to explore and interact with the world fearlessly. Likewise, the foreskin assumes a pivotal role in safeguarding the glans penis, preserving its sensitivity, cleanliness, and overall integrity, and ensuring optimal sexual function and well-being.
3) Unparalleled Structure: Adaptations for Excellence
In addition to their sensitivity and protective functions, these body parts showcase unique structural adaptations that enhance their capabilities. The eyelids can blink reflexively, an indispensable response to potential eye damage, ensuring our delicate ocular organs’ continuous and uninterrupted protection. The lips exhibit astonishing flexibility, essential for speech and nourishment consumption; their movements can express many emotions, fostering effective communication and connection with others. Fingertips, distinguished by their distinctive fingerprints, enhance our grip and tactile interaction with the world, allowing us to navigate objects and surfaces with precision and skill. As for the foreskin, its retractability supports optimal hygiene and sexual function.
4) Abundant in Blood Vessels: The Essence of Life
These regions, whether the fingertips tingling with sensation or the lips feeling the warmth of a smile, share a trait of being abundantly supplied with intricate networks of blood vessels. This rich vascular bed enhances its sensitivity to the world around us. It plays a pivotal role in maintaining our body’s equilibrium by regulating temperature and aiding in healing. These vessels also allow for swift adaptation to the changing environment, unveiling the body’s awe-inspiring capacity for defense and rejuvenation.
5) Mucous Membranes: The Barrier Against Pathogens
Except for the fingertips, these body parts are distinguished by mucous membranes, delicate linings that stand as the body’s first line of defense against invading pathogens. These moisture-rich barriers, distinct from the protective outer skin layer, act as vigilant shields, fortifying the body’s immune system against external threats. From the tender inner surfaces of the eyelids to the supple texture of the lips and the protective folds of the inner foreskin, mucous membranes envelop these regions, underscoring their indispensable role in shielding the body from harm.
Exploring the connections between the eyelids, lips, fingertips, and intact penis reveals their shared attributes of sensitivity, protective functions, unique structures, rich vascularization, and the presence of mucous membranes. Our bodies showcase marvels of natural design, with each part playing a critical role in our interactions and connections with the world.
Recognizing these similarities deepens our admiration for the human body’s complexity and emphasizes the importance of preserving its natural state and functions. The foreskin, akin to the eyelids, lips, and fingertips, is a vital component of this beautifully complex system, serving to protect, sense, and engage with the environment uniquely.
Why Intactivism Matters
As a pioneer in advocating for all individuals’ bodily autonomy and integrity, Intact America urges you to support our mission to protect and honor the natural human form. Understanding the significance of each body part in our health, sensation, and well-being empowers us to make informed choices that uphold our body’s natural design.
Join forces with Intact America
Embrace the body’s natural design and champion efforts to preserve bodily integrity. Whether you seek information, wish to contribute, or aim to participate, explore Intact America’s website today. Let’s unite to raise awareness and champion a world where every individual’s bodily autonomy and human rights are respected and fiercely defended.
Join Intact America in our mission.
Feb 2, 2024
The practice of circumcision, a surgical procedure to remove the foreskin of the penis, has been a topic of intense debate and discussion. This article aims to provide a comprehensive timeline-based perspective on the physical and psychological impacts of circumcision on boys, emphasizing the importance of understanding their experiences in greater detail.
Pre-Circumcision: The Anticipation Phase
In the days preceding circumcision, families often experience a wide range of emotions due, for instance, to indecision over the choice to circumcise or guilt at having made that decision (to protect your child, specify not to circumcise in your birth plan checklist). In the case of religious circumcision, families may be stressed by various practical preparations as well as anxiety over the cutting of their baby boy. The child, oblivious to the impending procedure, might pick up on the heightened anxiety or solemnity permeating their surroundings.
“A study published in the “Journal of Clinical Nursing” found that many parents experience significant anxiety and uncertainty when making the decision about circumcision for their child. This study highlights the emotional burden on parents, who often feel pressured to make a quick decision shortly after birth.” (“Parental decision-making about neonatal circumcision in the United States,” Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2018)
This phase can magnify any dissension in the family or parental unit regarding circumcision. It is wise to acknowledge and address the emotional dynamics that arise during this period, as they can impact the well-being of the family unit both short- and long-term.
The Circumcision Procedure: Day of the Surgery
On the day of the surgery, the child is taken from his mother or father early in the morning, having been fed two hours earlier to ensure the baby won’t choke on undigested milk or formula during the circumcision. An invasive process that most often involves pinching the sensitive foreskin with hemostats and a scalpel or scissor, the immediate impact on the child is two-fold: physical pain and the psychological shock that accompanies any surgical intervention. Circumcision is not always performed with some form of analgesia to lessen the pain. However, even when it is, there is still discomfort and distress for the infant or child, especially if strapped down to ensure immobility. Additionally, the psychological impact of leaving the warmth and comfort of the parent’s arms and undergoing surgery at a young age can cause overwhelming anxiety and stress.
A study published in “Pediatrics” found that over half of the circumcisions in the U.S. might be performed without adequate analgesia. It emphasizes the importance of effective pain management in these procedures. ( “Pain and Its Effects on the Human Neonate and Fetus,” Pediatrics, 1987)
Post-Circumcision: The Immediate Aftermath (First Week)
The first week following circumcision is a critical period for the child’s well-being. During this time, the child may experience acute pain, particularly during urination, as the urine makes contact with the wound. Parents must know the proper way to dress the wound and to keep it away from contact with urine or the chafing of the diaper. The child may exhibit signs of distress, such as crying and discomfort, making this period traumatic for both the child and the family witnessing the child’s distress. Parents should receive not only an at-home care sheet on how to care for the circumcision wound but also be trained to look for signs of infection (redness, swelling, or fever) and other distress. They should have a phone number to call with any concerns.
Second and Third Week After Circumcision
During the second and third weeks, the physical pain gradually subsides as the healing continues. However, it’s worth noting that the wound’s sensitivity may persist, leading to occasional discomfort, especially during activities such as diaper changes or baths.
Post-Circumcision: Early Recovery (One Month After)
One month after circumcision, most physical wounds have healed, but it is important to acknowledge the potential risk of complications, such as the continued risk of infection or improper healing. The one-month doctor visit is paramount in ascertaining that the circumcision was performed properly, with no disfigurement as a result of the surgery or healing. . Unfortunately, this post-circumcision period often goes unmonitored, as many mistakenly assume that the absence of visible complications indicates complete recovery. By shedding light on the ongoing recovery process and emphasizing the need for continued vigilance during this phase, we can foster a more comprehensive understanding of post-circumcision care and ensure the child’s well-being.
Long-Term Physical and Psychological Effects
- The long-term effects of circumcision manifest over the years.1 Year After: At this stage, the child’s physical health may appear normal, but subtle impacts, such as sensitivity or irritation, may persist. Exploring these nuances can help in understanding any potential long-lasting physical consequences.
- 5 Years After: Psychological and emotional effects may surface as the child ages. These can include questions about body image, self-perception, and autonomy. Delving deeper into these aspects can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the potential psychological impacts in the long run.
- 10 Years After: The impact on sexual health and personal identity becomes more apparent as the child approaches adolescence. At this stage, the boy may start to understand and question the implications of the procedure he underwent as an infant. Examining the evolving perceptions and thoughts of the child as they navigate their developing identity can shed light on the long-term psychological impact.
Advocacy, Support, and Policy Change
It is vital that parents who decide to circumcise their child are as informed and educated as parents who choose not to circumcise their child so that they can advocate for their child if there is any kind of complication during or post-circumcision.
In response to growing concerns about the impacts of circumcision, including potential physical and psychological effects, anti-circumcision movements have gained significant momentum. These movements advocate for the principles of bodily autonomy and informed consent, emphasizing the importance of personal choice regarding one’s body.
As awareness has increased, support networks for individuals affected by circumcision have emerged, providing a safe and empathetic space for sharing experiences, seeking guidance, and fostering healing. These networks are crucial in promoting understanding and solidarity among those who have undergone the procedure or are considering their options.
Moreover, there has been a notable push towards reevaluating the legal and policy frameworks surrounding circumcision. Advocates challenge the normalization of circumcision and instead promote a rights-based approach to child health. The aim is to ensure that decisions regarding circumcision are made in the best interest of the child, taking into account the principles of bodily autonomy, informed consent, and medical ethics.
By expanding on the various advocacy efforts and policy debates surrounding circumcision, we can deepen the discussion on the larger societal implications. This includes examining the cultural, ethical, and human rights dimensions and considering alternative practices and approaches to addressing health concerns. Such discussions pave the way for informed decision-making, improved healthcare practices, and a more comprehensive understanding of the complex issues involved.
Final Notes on Circumcision Suffering Timelines
The journey of a child through circumcision is an intricate and multifaceted process, encompassing a wide range of factors and experiences. It involves not only the physical act of the procedure itself but also the emotional and psychological aspects that come with it.
When examining the timeline of experiences in greater detail, we gain a deeper understanding of the short-term and long-term impacts of circumcision. From the initial decision-making process to the actual procedure and post-operative care, each stage plays a crucial role in shaping the child’s well-being and future.
Society must question traditional practices surrounding circumcision and advocate for informed choices. By prioritizing the well-being and autonomy of the child, we can ensure that decisions made regarding this procedure are made in their best interest. This involves considering factors such as their individual needs, cultural beliefs, and medical evidence.
By delving into the intricacies of circumcision, we can foster a more comprehensive and informed dialogue surrounding this topic. This includes exploring alternative practices, discussing potential risks, and promoting open conversations considering individuals’ and communities’ diverse perspectives and experiences.
In doing so, we can move towards a more holistic understanding of circumcision, paving the way for respectful and informed decision-making that respects the rights and well-being of the child.
Feb 2, 2024
Driven by a fervent commitment to bodily autonomy and human rights, pioneers of the movement to end circumcision coined the dynamic terms “intactivist” and ‘intactivism” to describe the actions and mobilization of those who advocate for the preservation of the male foreskin and oppose the practice of medically unnecessary circumcision. This article presents practical ways to engage in foreskin activism, which champions the rights of every individual to bodily autonomy and a common-sense approach to welcoming baby boys into the world as we welcome baby girls—as nature made them.
What is Intactivism?
The terms ”intactivism” and “intactivist”—a powerful blend of “intact” and “activism/activist”—represent a vibrant social movement and its participants who advocate for preserving the natural state of the human body, specifically concerning male circumcision. Originating as a direct response to the widespread practice of medically unnecessary routine infant circumcision, the goal of intactivism and intactivists was to shed light on the health risks associated with the removal of the foreskin from baby boys’ penises and the benefits of retaining the foreskin. Research by the pioneers of this movement into the history and reasons for this pervasive practice in the United States revealed that the supposed health benefits of circumcision were based on medical myths and cultural conditioning outside of religious tradition and ritual as opposed to any reasonable scientific or medical basis. As information was available and knowledge was accumulated, the core of intactivism embraced the fundamental right to bodily autonomy. By challenging societal norms and fostering critical dialogue, intactivism seeks to ignite a transformative shift in public perception and discourse surrounding circumcision to spare male babies, children, and adults the physical, psychological, and emotional trauma associated with medically unnecessary surgery on a sensitive sexual organ.
Intactivists and Arguments Against Circumcision
Arguments against circumcision may have started with the fact that it is medically unnecessary. Once that issue was proven (as a uniquely American fallacy) and information was available for dissemination on websites, videos, interviews with intactivists, and re-educating medical and health personnel through the NOCIRC (National Organization of Circumcision Research Centers) sponsored symposia all over the world, the ethical and human rights issue gained attention. Removing a natural functional body part (the foreskin) from an organ as sensitive as a baby’s penis brings up a wide range of concerns. Intactivists working to end circumcision represent the interests of non-consenting infants, who are unable to voice their decision on removing a body part (other than through their screams of pain and apparent emotional trauma) and cannot provide informed consent. The intactivism movement believes that the decision to circumcise a baby or child should be deferred until individuals are of an age where they can make choices about their own bodies based on the short- and long-term consequences of circumcision.
Intactivist Strategies and Initiatives
Intactivists employ a range of strategies and initiatives to raise awareness and advocate for the importance of genital integrity and informed consent. Through public protests, the distribution of educational materials, and outreach programs, they tirelessly educate parents and healthcare providers about the potential risks and ethical considerations surrounding circumcision.
Marilyn Milos, in Please Don’t Cut the Baby!, which chronicles the growth of the movement from the 1970s to today, writes about several early efforts to end circumcision that raised awareness in both the health community and the public. Notably, the “Bloodstained Men” movement utilized striking visuals and street theater to capture attention and ignite discussions on the ethical implications of circumcision. The men would appear at demonstrations in white outfits with red paint on the crotch, symbolizing the bloody wound of circumcision. Another robust response to ending circumcision was when a group of nurses at St. Vincent Hospital in Santa Fe refused to participate in infant circumcisions, declaring themselves conscientious objectors—a brave move considering they could have all lost their jobs, as Marilyn did when she began to educate parents at Marin General Hospital.
Marilyn points out that the most straightforward thing anyone can do to end circumcision is to spread evidence-based information about both the risks of circumcision and the human rights violations of a child’s body.
“Those who market anything and everything know that consumers trust personal recommendations above all other sources of information.”
Word-of-mouth can make a tremendous difference to individuals on the fence or simply clueless about circumcision.
However, the advent of social media and online communities has played a pivotal role in amplifying intactivist voices, facilitating the sharing of information, stories, and resources, and connecting like-minded individuals who share concerns. These digital platforms, like intactamerica.com, have become epicenters for constructive dialogue on the issues surrounding circumcision.
Intact America’s latest intactivism outreach campaign, Skin in the Game (skininthegame.org) features images of people of every race, ethnicity, sex, and body type who share their interest in the topic of circumcision and how the practice of circumcision has affected them. What it shows is that circumcision cuts through all of us. It has both short-term and long-term physical, psychological, and emotional consequences for male infants, children, and adults. But it also affects relationships and family dynamics. A wife or partner may not understand the sexual repercussions of a circumcision gone wrong. Children may be angry at their parents for allowing them to be circumcised. Parents may feel guilty about a decision made before they are fully informed.
Intact America Founding Executive Director Georganne Chapin reveals in the epilogue to her book This Penis Business that the intactivist organization, in tandem with the group Doctors Opposing Circumcision, is “on the cusp of signing off on a custom-developed consumer-facing electronic system called DoNoHarm.report” that will be launched state by state in 2024. The program will consist of standardized forms that collect complaints from parents and others who were pressured by doctors or hospital personnel to circumcise their sons, who experienced any aspect of circumcision complications, or who have been victims of forcible foreskin retraction, a common issue that both parents and medical personnel misunderstand. With this information, doctors and medical organizations can no longer claim they have not heard of any complaints about circumcision or have no access to records of complaints.
How to Get Involved in Intactivism
Anyone can become an intactivist in word and deed by recognizing that boys, like girls, are born perfect and that the foreskin is a functional body part with thousands of nerve endings that serve no one but the medical industry when they are amputated.
- Inform yourself and educate others by visiting intactamerica.org regularly (and supporting it with donations if possible) and other intactivist organizations, googling podcasts and listening to interviews on the subject, reviewing articles and videos, and asking questions and requiring answers.
- Hold healthcare providers at all levels accountable for providing you with information about circumcision. Do not rely on any one medical organization to do so, as they represent stakeholders in promoting circumcision because doctors and hospitals are paid for each circumcision they perform.
- Lobby lawmakers to make legal changes that support the rights of a child to genital autonomy and bodily integrity. If you can’t do that, support those doing so by publicizing their efforts through word-of-mouth or social media platforms.
- Initiate or participate in community events like Pride celebrations that highlight circumcision education and promote intactivism.
- Speak out about your own or your family’s experiences with circumcision complications.
- Buy or borrow the memoirs This Penis Business by Georganne Chapin and Please Don’t Cut the Baby! by Marilyn Milos, or listen to the audio versions of the books.
We outline practical steps for those interested in becoming intactivists and emphasize the significance of education, advocacy, and outreach. By responding to common counterarguments, intactivists seek to foster constructive dialogue and present evidence-based perspectives. Intactivism thrives through diverse strategies and initiatives, often aided by social media and online communities. As we conclude, we reiterate the paramount importance of informed decision-making, respect for bodily autonomy, and the ongoing dialogue surrounding circumcision and foreskin activism. We encourage readers to explore this critical subject further, engage in open conversations, and contribute to the broader discussion on the rights and choices surrounding circumcision. Engaging in respectful discussions and presenting evidence-based counterpoints allows for a comprehensive exploration of the topic, ultimately promoting informed decision-making and emphasizing the significance of consent in matters of personal health.
Jan 29, 2024
Injuries, trauma, and other complications of infant circumcision in the U.S. are so underreported that even health professionals don’t know the extent of this issue. If health professionals don’t know the considerable risks of this common surgery, how can they convey that information to expectant parents? This article highlights the factors contributing to this significant yet overlooked issue.
Reasons Circumcision Injuries and Traumas Are Underreported
Marilyn Milos notes in her memoir Please Don’t Cut the Baby! (2023, Lucid House Publishing) that the September 2012 American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Circumcision report was unable to state that the risks of circumcision outweighed the benefits because “there are no accurate statistics on risks.” When one of the Task Force members was asked how the group could determine whether the benefits outweighed the risks without his information, the individual said they just “felt” the benefits outweighed the risks.
Similarly, Georganne Chapin writes in This Penis Business (2023 Lucid House Publishing):
“I became increasingly incensed at its sheer duplicity. Purporting to review and honestly present the facts, AAP turned a blind eye to serious circumcision injuries and even deaths among American babies. In the section titled Major Complications, the Task Force admits to having excluded “severe and catastrophic injuries,” including ‘glans or penile amputation, the transmission of herpes simplex after mouth-to-penis contact by…Jewish ritual circumcisers…methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection, urethral cutaneous fistula, glans ischemia, and death, because they are so infrequent as to be reported as case reports.”
This is unacceptable reasoning in 2024, and Intact America challenges the medical and health community’s scientific task forces and grant-supported studies to do better in reporting and determining the risks of circumcision so parents can make an informed decision regarding whether to circumcise their baby boy.
1) Lack of Standardized Reporting Protocols
Fact: A major challenge in accurately documenting circumcision injuries stems from the absence of standardized reporting protocols. There is a notable lack of consistency in documenting or acknowledging complications across medical practices. Without a standardized system in place, many circumcision-related injuries go unrecorded and unnoticed in medical records and statistical analyses.
Remedy: Parents and others who are concerned can undoubtedly ask, in good faith, to be referred to studies or articles on circumcision-related injuries to make an informed decision. Consider it a red flag If your physician cannot provide that information.
2) Cultural and Social Factors
Fact: Cultural norms and social pressures contribute to the underreporting of circumcision injuries. Many societies consider discussing problems associated with circumcision taboo, and acknowledging its complications can be viewed as a challenge to deeply rooted traditions or religious practices. This societal silence frequently hinders individuals from speaking out or seeking help.
Remedy: Break the societal, religious, and generational taboo on speaking about circumcision. Ask questions and expect answers. Then, discuss what you find out.
3) Misdiagnosis or Underdiagnosis
Fact: Misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis adds to the underreporting of circumcision injuries. Often, these injuries may be misinterpreted as other medical conditions, leading to inappropriate or delayed treatment. This issue is compounded by a lack of awareness or specific training among medical professionals regarding the potential complications and proper diagnosis of circumcision-related injuries. The situation is further exacerbated when healthcare providers fail to recognize the signs of these injuries due to insufficient experience or the subtlety of symptoms. Consequently, the true prevalence of circumcision injuries might be severely underreported, as many cases are either not correctly identified or not reported at all. This underdiagnosis affects the patient’s immediate care and limits understanding of the risks associated with the procedure, potentially influencing informed consent and public health policies.
Remedy: Since it is up to expectant parents and others who are interested in fully informing themselves of the issues surrounding circumcision, using Google and other online resources must be part of their due diligence in tracking down potential circumcision-related injuries. The question to ask in every questionable case is:
“Would this child have suffered this injury or trauma if he had not been circumcised?”
4) Reluctance to Seek Medical Help
Fact: Reluctance to seek medical help is another critical factor contributing to the underreporting of circumcision injuries. Parents or guardians, often the primary decision-makers for seeking medical attention for their children, may hesitate to approach healthcare professionals when complications arise post-circumcision. This hesitation can stem from fear of judgment or criticism from medical staff or the broader community, particularly in cultures or communities where circumcision is a widely accepted practice. Additionally, feelings of guilt or responsibility for consenting to the procedure can deter parents from seeking necessary medical intervention. This reluctance is often compounded by a lack of knowledge about the potential complications of circumcision and the ordinary postoperative course, leading to uncertainty about when it is appropriate to seek medical advice. As a result, many circumcision injuries may go unreported and untreated, contributing to an underestimation of the risks and prevalence of complications associated with the procedure.
Remedy: Discuss potential complications with your healthcare provider before making a circumcision decision. If all you are given is reassurance rather than information, consider it a red flag and move on to a more concerned and involved physician.
5) Insufficient Training and Education Among Healthcare Providers
Fact: Insufficient training and education among healthcare providers also contributes to the underreporting of circumcision injuries. Many healthcare practitioners may lack comprehensive training in performing circumcisions and managing post-operative care, leading to unrecognized or improperly managed complications. Without a deep understanding of the potential risks and signs of post-operative issues, healthcare providers might miss early symptoms of complications, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, this lack of specialized training can hinder the effective communication of possible risks and outcomes to parents or guardians, impacting their decision-making process. Consequently, injuries or complications arising from circumcisions can go unnoticed or be inadequately addressed, perpetuating the broader issue of underreporting and a diminished understanding of the procedure’s safety profile.
Remedy: Be sure you know who will be doing the circumcision if you decide on the surgery. What is their status and training? Ask how many circumcisions your healthcare provider has performed. Ideally, avoid circumcision entirely.
6) Delayed Onset of Complications
Fact: Some injuries or traumas resulting from circumcision may not become apparent immediately after the procedure, leading to a decreased likelihood of being linked to the circumcision itself. This delay can range from days to weeks, and sometimes even longer. Consequently, healthcare providers, parents, or guardians may not readily connect them back to the circumcision when symptoms eventually appear. This lack of immediate association can lead to a failure to report these issues as circumcision-related complications.
Furthermore, this delayed onset can lead to complications being misattributed to other causes or conditions, further obscuring the connection to the original procedure. As a result, the incidence of circumcision-related injuries might be significantly underreported, as the delayed nature of some complications masks their true origin and frequency. This delay in the manifestation of symptoms complicates the monitoring and evaluation of circumcision safety and risk profiles.
Remedy: No matter how much time has passed between a circumcision and a physical or mental complication of one’s own body or your child’s, remember to list circumcision as a surgery when you are asked by health personnel for a history.
7) Impact of Minor Injuries Being Overlooked
Fact: Often, injuries that initially seem minor may not be reported or are disregarded by healthcare providers or parents as everyday post-operative occurrences. This disregard can result from a lack of understanding of the potential long-term consequences of these “minor” complications. For example, small cuts, excessive bleeding, or slight infections might appear inconsequential initially but can lead to more severe health issues if not adequately addressed. Such complications can have lasting impacts on the child’s health and well-being. The dismissal of these minor injuries not only prevents appropriate and timely medical intervention but also distorts the perceived safety and risk profile of circumcision. As a result, the full spectrum of risks associated with the procedure remains under-documented, leading to a gap in the collective medical understanding and public awareness of circumcision complications.
Remedy: Report all variations in what is listed as normal in your post-operative instructions regarding circumcision or any symptoms, even seemingly unrelated, that make you uncomfortable or don’t understand.
Final Notes About Why Circumcision Injuries and Traumas Are Underreported
The pervasive underreporting of circumcision injuries and traumas is a critical issue. Factors such as misdiagnosis, reluctance to seek medical attention, lack of adequate training among healthcare providers, delayed onset of complications, and trivialization of minor injuries exacerbate this problem. These factors contribute to a concerning lack of understanding about the full range of risks inherent in circumcision.
Raising awareness among healthcare providers and parents about the potential complications of circumcision and questioning the necessity of this procedure is imperative. Additionally, creating an environment that encourages open discussion and eliminates the stigma around seeking medical help for circumcision complications is crucial. Acknowledging even minor injuries as significant and understanding their potential long-term consequences is essential to advocating for the safety and well-being of infants and children.
Confronting these issues requires a unified effort from the medical community, parents, and caregivers to foster a more comprehensive and truthful understanding of the risks associated with circumcision. As part of this effort, we must question the routine practice of circumcision and consider the rights of the child to bodily integrity. Let us join together to advocate for informed choices and to put an end to routine infant circumcision.
